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Pharmacologic Guidelines for Treating PTSD and Co-Occurring Opioid Use Disorders

1. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD among men is 2.5 times that of women.

A. True B. False

2. Some of the most problematic substances of abuse in PTSD are opioids.

A. True B. False

3. Untreated PTSD in opioid dependent individuals receiving which of the following opioid dependence therapies have been associated with ongoing mental, physical, and occupational disability, despite improvements in substance abuse?

A. Methadone or buprenorphine maintenance B. Detoxification treatment C. Drug-free residential treatment D. All of the above

4. Psychosocial interventions are key to effective treatment of:

A. PTSD B. Opioid use disorder C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above

5. Psychosocial interventions serve to:

A. Educate individuals about their disorder. B. Improve awareness on how their problems interact to contribute to poor outcomes. C. Assist in the development of coping skills to manage their symptoms. D. All of the above.

6. Because of the significant rates of COD, those with opioid use disorders should be proactively screened and assessed for PTSD, and those with PTSD should be proactively screened and assessed for opioid use disorders.

A. True B. False

7. Which of the following are first-line treatments for PTSD?

A. SSRI medications B. SNRI medications C. Tricyclic antidepressants D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

8. Caution should be exercised when considering TCAs for all of the following reasons, except for:

A. The risk of cardiac toxicity. B. The risk of renal failure. C. The risk of seizures. D. The potential lethality in overdose.

9. Which of the following antidepressants is reported to reduce PTSD-associated psychological distress during the daytime and to decrease trauma-associated nightmares and non-nightmare distressed awakenings?

A. Mirtazepine B. Nefazodone C. Prazosin D. Risperidone

10. Benzodiazepines may be used in unique circumstances to treat PTSD.

A. True B. False

11. Which of the following is one of the most frequently mentioned classes of drugs found to be present in deaths associated with methadone or buprenorphine use?

A. Tricyclic antidepressants B. Benzodiazepines C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors D. SNRI medications

12. Which of the following is currently an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for opioid dependence?

A. Buprenorphine B. Methadone C. Naltrexone D. All of the above

13. All of the following are frequently co-administered with methadone and reportedly increase plasma methadone concentrations, except for:

A. Beta-blockers B. Antibiotics C. Psychotropics D. HIV medications

14. As opioid use diminishes through treatment, PTSD symptoms may emerge or worsen.

A. True B. False

15. Which of the following cannot be used for the treatment of alcohol dependence in individuals who require agonist therapy for opioid dependence?

A. Naltrexone B. Acamprosate C. Disulfiram D. All of the above

16. Bupropion and varenicline are FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for:

A. Cannabis B. Amphetamines C. Nicotine D. Cocaine


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